A vulnerability in Bubble.io, a leading no-code development platform, has exposed thousands of applications to data breaches.
The flaw allows attackers to bypass security controls and execute arbitrary queries on Elasticsearch databases, potentially compromising sensitive user information.
Security researchers reverse-engineered Bubble.io’s JavaScript code and HTTP headers to uncover flaws in how the platform encrypts and handles Elasticsearch queries.
The weakness stems from insecure cryptographic practices and hardcoded parameters that could be exploited to decrypt and manipulate search requests.
Key components of the exploit include:
Payload Structure
Bubble.io’s encrypted payload comprises three parts:
Decryption Process
Attackers can decrypt the payload by:
Once decrypted, malicious actors can modify queries to bypass restrictions, such as limits on returned results or allowed comparison operators.
Exploit Demonstration
Researchers demonstrated how a benign query for a single user’s email:
{"query": {"term": {"email": "user@example.com"}}, "size": 1}
Could be altered to retrieve all user data:
{"query": {"match_all": {}}, "size": 10000}
This manipulation exposes sensitive fields like emails, hashed passwords, and payment details.
Impact and Risks
The vulnerability enables attackers to:
While Bubble.io has not yet released an official patch, researchers urge developers to:
This flaw highlights the hidden risks of no-code platforms, which often abstract away critical security considerations.
While Bubble.io democratizes app development, its opaque infrastructure can create blind spots for developers.
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