Cisco has issued an urgent security advisory (ID: cisco-sa-iosxe-privesc-su7scvdp) following the discovery of multiple privilege escalation vulnerabilities in its widely used IOS XE Software.
The flaws could allow attackers with existing high-level device access to gain root privileges, jeopardizing the security of enterprise networks worldwide.
What Is the Vulnerability?
Cisco’s advisory, part of its May 2025 Bundled Publication, describes several vulnerabilities (CVE-2025-20197, CVE-2025-20198, CVE-2025-20199, among others) in the command-line interface (CLI) of IOS XE Software.
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The bugs stem from insufficient input validation during the handling of certain configuration commands.
Attackers who already possess “privilege level 15” access-that is, administrative permission to enter configuration mode-could supply crafted input to exploit these weaknesses and escalate their privileges to root on the underlying system.
The vulnerabilities are rated “High” with a CVSS base score of 6.7. Although the attacker must have significant access already, a successful exploit could permit undetected changes to the system, dramatically increasing the risk of broader compromise.
Scope and Affected Products
The vulnerabilities affect all Cisco products running a vulnerable Cisco IOS XE Software release, regardless of specific device configuration.
Cisco has confirmed that its IOS, IOS XR, Meraki, and NX-OS software platforms are not affected.
Affected and Unaffected Products
| Product | Vulnerable |
| Cisco IOS XE Software | Yes |
| Cisco IOS Software | No |
| Cisco IOS XR Software | No |
| Cisco Meraki Products | No |
| Cisco NX-OS Software | No |
Notably, there are currently no workarounds for these vulnerabilities. Organizations must apply the official patches to remain protected.
| Vulnerability | CVE-IDs | Severity | Privilege Required | Exploit Result | Workaround | Patch Available |
| Cisco IOS XE Priv. Escalation | 2025-20197, -20198, -20199 | High | Admin (level 15) | Root access | No | Yes |
Cisco has released free software updates addressing these issues. Customers with maintenance contracts can download the patches via their standard support channels.
Key recommendations:
- Update immediately: Any device running Cisco IOS XE Software should have its firmware updated to a fixed release as soon as possible.
- Review privileges: Limit configuration mode access (privilege level 15) to essential personnel only to reduce risk.
- Monitor for indicators: Watch for unusual configuration changes, which could signal exploitation attempts.
This suite of vulnerabilities represents a significant threat, as they could enable attackers to take full control of affected devices.
With no workarounds available, prompt patching and access review are critical to defending against potential exploitation.
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