A sophisticated malware campaign, dubbed SparkCat, has infiltrated Google Play and Apple’s App Store, marking the first known instance of an optical character recognition (OCR)-based cryptocurrency stealer on iOS.
According to cybersecurity firm Kaspersky, the malware has been downloaded over 242,000 times since its emergence in March 2024.
It targets sensitive cryptocurrency wallet recovery phrases stored in images, posing a significant threat to users across Europe, Asia, and beyond.
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How SparkCat Operates
SparkCat is embedded within malicious software development kits (SDKs) integrated into seemingly legitimate apps.
On Android, it operates via a Java-based SDK named “Spark,” disguised as an analytics module.
For iOS, the malware uses a malicious framework under aliases like “GZIP” or “googleappsdk,” written in Objective-C and obfuscated with HikariLLVM for stealth.
The malware employs Google ML Kit’s OCR technology to scan image galleries for recovery phrases mnemonics critical for accessing cryptocurrency wallets.
These phrases are extracted from screenshots or notes and uploaded to attacker-controlled servers via encrypted channels, including Amazon cloud storage or a Rust-based protocol.
To avoid detection, SparkCat requests gallery access only during specific user actions, such as initiating support chats.
This selective behavior minimizes suspicion while enabling the malware to execute its primary function covertly.
Widespread Impact and Technical Sophistication
The infected apps span various categories, including food delivery services, AI-powered messaging platforms, and crypto-related tools.
Some apps appear legitimate, while others are designed to lure victims.
The campaign’s cross-platform compatibility and use of the Rust programming language a rarity in mobile applications, highlight its technical sophistication.
Kaspersky’s analysis revealed that SparkCat selectively targets users based on keywords in multiple languages, including English, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and European languages.
To mitigate the risk posed by SparkCat:
- Uninstall suspicious apps immediately and run antivirus scans.
- Avoid storing sensitive information like recovery phrases in screenshots or unencrypted formats.
- Use secure offline storage solutions or hardware wallets for cryptocurrency keys.
- Regularly update software and avoid downloading apps from unofficial sources.
Google and Apple have been notified about the infected apps; however, some remain available for download.
Users must exercise caution when granting permissions to apps that request access to sensitive data.
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